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Europa Ucrânia
Descricao Estados 27 Sociedades 1 Museus 2 Linguas Pdr. Monetarios C da Moeda 1 B Central 1 Embaixada

Descrição Cédula
Ukraine is bordered by Russia to the east, Russia and Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and in the south by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It has an area of 603,700 sq. km. and a population of 45.99 million. Capital: Kyiv (Kiev). Coal, grain, vegetables and heavy industrial machinery are major exports. The territory of Ukraine has been inhabited for over 30,000 years. As the result of its location, Ukraine has served as the gateway to Europe for millennia and its early history has been recorded by Arabic, Greek, Roman, as well as Ukrainian historians. Ukraine was the center of first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine was able to bring about a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and force to endure a brutal Soviet rule That engineered two artificial famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were Responsible for some 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although final independence for Ukraine was achieved in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. A peaceful mass protest “Orange Revolution” in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor Yushchenko. Subsequent internal squabbles in the Yushchenko camp allowed his rival Viktor Yanukovych to stage a comeback in parliamentary elections and become prime minister in August of 2006. An early legislative election, brought on by a political crisis in the spring of 2007, saw Yuliya Tymoshenko, as head of an “Orange” coalition, installed as a new prime minister in December 2007. MONETARY SYSTEM: 1 Karbovanets (Karbovantsiv) = 2 Hryven 1917-1920 = 200 Shahiv 1 Karvovanets (Karbovantsiv) = 1 Russian Ruble, 1991-96 1 Hryvnia (Hryvni, Hryven) = 100,000 Karbovantsiv, 1996-
Descrição Moeda
Ukraine (formerly the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) is bordered by Russia to the east, Russia and Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and in the south by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It has an area of 233,088 sq. mi. (603,700 sq. km.) and a population of 51.9 million. Capital: Kyiv (Kiev). Coal, grain, vegetables and heavy industrial machinery are major exports. Ukraine is a charter member of the United Nations and has inherited the third largest nuclear arsenal in the world. MONETARY SYSTEM (1) Kopiyka (2) Kopiyky KOÏ3ÈKH (5 and up) Kopiyok KOÏIÈOK 100 Kopiyok = 1 Hrynia ÃPÈBEHÜ 100,000 Karbovanetsiv = 1 Hryni or Hryven REPUBLIC REFORM COINAGE September 2, 1996 100,000 Karbovanets = 1 Hryvnia 100 Kopiyok = 1 Hryvnia

 

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