Basic Data:

• Country ISO Code: AU

• Official Language: English

• Language ISO Code: en

• Current Official Currency: Australian Dollar

• Current Currency ISO Code: AUD

Complete Financial History of the Australian Dollar:

Official Currency: Australian Dollar (AUD)

• Currency ISO Code: AUD

• Designs / Symbols: Coins feature images of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and native Australian fauna and flora on the reverse; banknotes depict notable Australian figures, cultural symbols, and native animals. The currency symbol is "$" or "A$" to distinguish it from other dollar currencies.

• Singular Name: dollar

• Plural Name: dollars

• Monetary Subdivision: 1 dollar = 100 cents

• Fraction Name Singular: cent

• Fraction Name Plural: cents

• Initial Production Date: 1966 (decimal currency introduced)

• End Production Date: still in circulation

• Initial Circulation Date: 14 February 1966

• End Circulation Date: still in circulation

• Mint: Royal Australian Mint (established 1965), Canberra

• Issuing Bank: Reserve Bank of Australia

• Coin Denominations Currently Minted: 5, 10, 20, 50 cents; 1 and 2 dollars

• Banknote Denominations Currently Issued: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 dollars

Historical and Economic Context:

• Prior to Federation in 1901, six Australian colonies had separate currencies modeled on the British system, exchangeable one-to-one.

• The Australian pound was introduced in 1910, pegged at par to the British pound sterling, divided into 20 shillings and 240 pence.

• In 1931, the Australian pound was devalued by 25% relative to the British pound.

• Decimalisation was adopted on 14 February 1966, replacing the Australian pound with the Australian dollar at a rate of 2 dollars = 1 pound.

• The Reserve Bank of Australia introduced polymer banknotes in 1988, enhancing durability and security against counterfeiting.

• The Australian dollar is among the world’s most traded currencies, influenced by commodity exports and economic ties with Asia, particularly China.

• The currency has experienced fluctuations but remains stable, supported by Australia’s strong political and economic systems.

Mints / Production Locations:

• The Royal Australian Mint in Canberra is the sole producer of Australian coins.

• Banknotes are printed by Note Printing Australia, a subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of Australia.

Designs / Symbols on Coins and Banknotes:

• Coins feature Queen Elizabeth II’s effigy on the obverse and Australian native animals (e.g., kangaroo, lyrebird) on the reverse.

• Banknotes display portraits of prominent Australians, native wildlife, and cultural motifs, with advanced security features.

Mintages / Quantities / Honorees and Signatures:

• Coin and banknote designs have evolved, with commemorative issues released for national events and anniversaries.

• Banknotes bear signatures of the Governor and Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia.

Curiosities / Commemorative Coins:

• Australia issues commemorative coins in precious metals for collectors, celebrating historical events, cultural icons, and national achievements.

Current Circulation Status:

• The Australian dollar is the official currency of Australia and several Pacific island nations and is actively circulated.

Issuing Authority:

• The Reserve Bank of Australia is the sole issuer of banknotes and regulator of monetary policy.

Relevant Monetary Legislation:

• Currency Act 1965 established the Australian dollar and its decimal system.

• Reserve Bank Act 1959 governs the Reserve Bank’s functions.

Names and Titles on Banknotes:

• Banknotes are signed by the Governor and Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia.

Persons Honored on Coins and Banknotes:

• Notable Australians such as Dame Nellie Melba, Banjo Paterson, Mary Reibey, and David Unaipon appear on banknotes.

• Coins feature native animals and symbols of Australian heritage.

Summary of Coins and Banknotes Currently in Circulation:

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the Australian dollar’s financial history, highlighting its introduction in 1966, evolution, design features, and current status as a stable and widely used currency.