Basic Country Data:
Country ISO Code: PT
Official Language: Portuguese
Language ISO Code: pt
Current Official Currency: Euro
Current Currency ISO Code: EUR

Currency: Euro (EUR)

ISO Code: EUR
Designs / Symbols on Coins and Banknotes:

• Coins feature Portuguese national elements such as the Portuguese shield, the armillary sphere, and historical figures.

• Banknotes follow the common European design, without specific images of Portugal.
  Singular Name: euro
  Plural Name: euros
  Monetary Subdivision: 1 euro = 100 cents
  Subdivision Name Singular: cent
  Subdivision Name Plural: cents
  Initial Production Date: 1999 (electronic), 2002 (physical)
  Final Production Date: ongoing
  Initial Circulation Date: January 1, 2002
  Final Circulation Date: currently in circulation
  Mint: Coins produced at Eurozone mints, including the Portuguese mint
  Issuing Bank: European Central Bank and Eurozone monetary authorities
  Coin Denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 cents; 1 and 2 euros
  Banknote Denominations: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 euros (500 euro note no longer issued since 2019)
  Economic Historical Context:

• Portugal adopted the euro in 2002, replacing the Portuguese escudo.

• Adoption of the euro integrated Portugal into the European Economic and Monetary Union, promoting economic stability and facilitating international trade.
  Current Circulation Status: active and widely used in Portugal
  Issuing Authority: European Central Bank and Eurozone authorities
  Relevant Monetary Legislation: European Union treaties and Eurozone regulations

Currency: Portuguese Escudo (PTE)

ISO Code: PTE
Designs / Symbols on Coins and Banknotes:

• Coins featured Portuguese national symbols, including the shield and historical figures.

• Banknotes depicted portraits of Portuguese personalities and cultural elements.
  Singular Name: escudo
  Plural Name: escudos
  Monetary Subdivision: 1 escudo = 100 centavos
  Subdivision Name Singular: centavo
  Subdivision Name Plural: centavos
  Initial Production Date: May 22, 1911
  Final Production Date: December 31, 2001
  Initial Circulation Date: 1911
  Final Circulation Date: February 28, 2002 (official withdrawal)
  Mint: Casa da Moeda de Portugal
  Issuing Bank: Banco de Portugal
  Coin Denominations: ½, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 centavos; 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 escudos
  Banknote Denominations: 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 escudos
  Economic Historical Context:

• The escudo was created in 1911, replacing the real, to modernize the monetary system after the establishment of the Republic.

• Throughout the 20th century, the escudo experienced periods of inflation and several monetary reforms.

• From 1999, with the creation of the euro, the escudo was gradually replaced until its withdrawal in 2002.
  Current Circulation Status: withdrawn since 2002
  Issuing Authority: Banco de Portugal
  Relevant Monetary Legislation: national legislation and agreements with the European Union for transition to the euro

Currency: Real (Réis)

ISO Code: not applicable (historical currency)
Designs / Symbols on Coins and Banknotes:

• Coins featured crosses of the Order of Christ and images of Portuguese kings.

• Banknotes were rare, as the system was predominantly metallic.
  Singular Name: real
  Plural Name: réis
  Monetary Subdivision: non-decimal system with complex multiples and submultiples
  Subdivision Name Singular: not applicable
  Subdivision Name Plural: not applicable
  Initial Production Date: circa 1430
  Final Production Date: 1911
  Initial Circulation Date: 15th century
  Final Circulation Date: 1911
  Mint: various, including Casa da Moeda de Lisboa
  Issuing Bank: not applicable (before Banco de Portugal was established)
  Coin Denominations: varied multiples including mealhas, dinheiros, morabitinos, cruzados, and réis of different values
  Banknote Denominations: not applicable
  Economic Historical Context:

• The real was the currency in Portugal for over four centuries and was also used in Portuguese colonies.

• It underwent various transformations and adaptations over the centuries.

• It was replaced by the escudo in 1911, following the establishment of the Portuguese Republic.
  Current Circulation Status: withdrawn since 1911
  Issuing Authority: not applicable
  Relevant Monetary Legislation: royal decrees and legislation of the time

Mints / Production Locations

• Casa da Moeda de Portugal, Lisbon, responsible for minting historical coins and escudo coins.

• Euro coins produced at Eurozone mints, including the Portuguese mint.

• Euro banknotes issued by the European Central Bank and printed at specialized locations in Europe.

Print Runs / Quantities Produced / Honorees and Signatures

• Historical Portuguese coins and banknotes feature images of kings, historical figures, and national symbols like the shield and armillary sphere.

• Portuguese euro commemorative coins celebrate cultural events, historical milestones, and national personalities.

• Escudo banknotes bore signatures of Banco de Portugal governors.

• Euro banknotes bear signatures of the President of the European Central Bank.

Curiosities / Commemorative Coins

• Portugal issues euro commemorative coins celebrating cultural heritage, historical events, and national personalities.

• The “Grande Português de Ouro” was a historically significant gold coin during the Age of Discoveries.

This report presents the complete financial history of Portugal, highlighting the real, escudo, and euro as currencies that circulated in the country, with details on their characteristics, circulation periods, mints, economic contexts, and current status.