Basic Country Data:
Country ISO Code: MC
Official Language: French
Language ISO Code: fr
Current Official Currency: Euro
Current Currency ISO Code: EUR

French — Official Language

• French is the official language of the Principality of Monaco, used in public administration, education, official communication, and media.

• Although French is the official and most commonly used language daily, other languages such as Monégasque (a Ligurian dialect), Italian, and English are also spoken due to the population’s diversity and geographical proximity to Italy.

• Monégasque is recognized as the national and traditional language of native inhabitants, though spoken by a minority.

• Italian is widely spoken among the Italian immigrant community, which makes up about 20% of the population.

• English is common in business and tourism, given the principality’s international character.

Euro (EUR) — Current Official Currency

ISO Code: EUR
Singular Name: euro
Plural Name: euros
Monetary Subdivision: 1 euro = 100 cents
Subdivision Name Singular: cent
Subdivision Name Plural: cents
Initial Production Date: 1999 (electronic), 2002 (physical)
Initial Circulation Date in Monaco: January 1, 2002
Final Production Date: ongoing
Final Circulation Date: currently in circulation
Mint: Coins produced at Eurozone mints, with Monaco’s national design
Issuing Bank: European Central Bank and Eurozone monetary authorities
Coin Denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 cents; 1 and 2 euros
Banknote Denominations: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 euros (500 euro note no longer issued since 2019)
Designs / Symbols:

• Monaco’s euro coins feature national symbols, including the effigy of the Sovereign Prince and historical elements of the principality.

• Banknotes follow the common European design, without Monaco-specific images.
  Economic Historical Context:

• Monaco adopted the euro in 2002, replacing the French franc as the official currency due to its close economic and monetary ties with France.

• The principality is a member of the European Economic and Monetary Union, benefiting from the stability and integration provided by the euro.
  Current Circulation Status: active and widely used in Monaco
  Issuing Authority: European Central Bank and Eurozone authorities
  Relevant Legislation: European Union treaties and bilateral agreements with France

This report presents French as the official language of Monaco, highlighting its use in public and administrative life, as well as the use of the euro as the official currency since 2002, including details on coins, banknotes, symbols, and economic context.