Basic Country Data:

• Country ISO Code: EE

• Official Language: Estonian

• Language ISO Code: et

• Current Official Currency: Euro

• Current Currency ISO Code: EUR

1. Euro (EUR) — Current Official Currency

• ISO Code: EUR

• Singular Name: euro

• Plural Name: euros

• Monetary Subdivision: 1 euro = 100 cents

• Subdivision Name Singular: cent

• Subdivision Name Plural: cents

• Initial Production Date: 1999 (electronic), 2002 (physical)

• Initial Circulation Date in Estonia: January 1, 2011

• Final Production Date: ongoing

• Final Circulation Date: currently in circulation

• Mint: various European mints

• Issuing Bank: European Central Bank (ECB)

• Coin Denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 cents; 1 and 2 euros

• Banknote Denominations: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 euros (500 euro note no longer issued since 2019)

• Designs / Symbols:

  • Coins: common European side and national side featuring the 2011 design with the outline of Estonia and the word “Eesti”.

  • Banknotes: European architectural motifs (bridges, gateways, windows), no real persons depicted.

• Economic Historical Context:

  • Estonia adopted the euro on January 1, 2011, replacing the Estonian kroon.

  • The kroon was replaced at a fixed exchange rate of 15.6466 EEK per 1 euro.

• Relevant Legislation: European Union treaties, ECB regulations, and Estonian national laws.

• Issuing Authority: European Central Bank, coordinated with the Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank).

• Signatories on Banknotes: President and Vice-President of the ECB.

• Persons or Symbols Honored: Estonian national symbols on coins, no real persons.

• Curiosities:

  • Estonia was the first Baltic state to adopt the euro.

  • Eesti Pank issues commemorative euro coins for Estonia.

2. Estonian Kroon (EEK) — Former Official Currency (1992–2010)

• ISO Code: EEK

• Singular Name: kroon

• Plural Name: krooni

• Monetary Subdivision: 1 kroon = 100 senti

• Subdivision Name Singular: sent

• Subdivision Name Plural: senti

• Initial Production Date: June 20, 1992

• Final Production Date: 2010

• Initial Circulation Date: June 20, 1992

• Final Circulation Date: December 31, 2010

• Mint: Eesti Rahapaja (Estonian Mint)

• Issuing Bank: Eesti Pank (Bank of Estonia)

• Coin Denominations: 5, 10, 20, 50 senti; 1, 2, 5 krooni

• Banknote Denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 krooni

• Designs / Symbols:

  • Coins and banknotes featured Estonian national symbols, historical figures, and cultural motifs.

• Economic Historical Context:

  • Introduced after Estonia regained independence from the Soviet Union.

  • The kroon was a stable currency and a symbol of national sovereignty.

  • Replaced by the euro in 2011 as part of EU integration.

• Current Circulation Status: out of circulation since 2011, exchangeable at Eesti Pank indefinitely.

This report provides a comprehensive financial history of Estonia, highlighting the transition from the Estonian kroon to the euro in 2011, its characteristics, historical context, and current use.