Basic Country Data:

• Country ISO Code: ES

• Official Language: Spanish (Castilian)

• Language ISO Code: es

• Current Official Currency: Euro

• Current Currency ISO Code: EUR

1. Euro (EUR) — Current Official Currency

• ISO Code: EUR

• Singular Name: euro

• Plural Name: euros

• Monetary Subdivision: 1 euro = 100 cents

• Subdivision Name Singular: cent

• Subdivision Name Plural: cents

• Initial Production Date: 1999 (electronic money), 2002 (physical money)

• Initial Circulation Date: 1999 (electronic), 2002 (physical)

• Final Production Date: ongoing

• Final Circulation Date: currently in circulation

• Mint: various European mints, including the Royal Spanish Mint (Real Casa de la Moneda)

• Issuing Bank: European Central Bank (ECB)

• Coin Denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 cents; 1 and 2 euros

• Banknote Denominations: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 euros (500 euro note no longer issued since 2019)

• Designs / Symbols:

  • Coins: three main designs — effigy of King Juan Carlos I (first and second series), effigy of King Felipe VI (third series since 2015), effigy of Miguel de Cervantes, and the façade of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.

  • Banknotes: European architectural motifs (bridges, doors, windows), no depiction of real persons.

• Economic Historical Context:

  • Spain was among the first 11 countries to adopt the euro in January 1999.

  • The euro replaced the Spanish peseta in 2002, with a dual circulation period until the peseta ceased to be legal tender.

• Relevant Monetary Legislation: European Union treaties and ECB regulations

• Issuing Authority: European Central Bank

• Signatories on Banknotes: President and Vice-President of the ECB

• Persons or Symbols Honored: Spanish national and cultural symbols, no portraits of real persons

• Curiosities:

  • Spanish euro coins feature both the current and former monarchs, as well as cultural figures like Miguel de Cervantes.

  • The Spanish mint has specific marks that appear on the coins.

This report provides the financial history of Spain, highlighting the euro as the official currency since 1999 (electronically) and 2002 (physically), with details on coin and banknote designs, historical context, and current status.