Here is a comprehensive financial historical report covering both Sudan and South Sudan, in International English:

Financial Historical Report of Sudan and South Sudan

South Sudan

Basic Data

• Country ISO Code: SS

• Official Language: English

• Language ISO Code: en

• Current Official Currency: South Sudanese Pound

• Currency ISO Code: SSP

• Issuing Authority: Bank of South Sudan

Currency History

• The South Sudanese pound (SSP) was approved by the Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly prior to independence on 9 July 2011 and introduced on 18 July 2011, replacing the Sudanese pound at par. The Sudanese pound ceased to be legal tender in South Sudan on 1 September 2011.

• The currency is subdivided into 100 piasters.

• Initial coins were issued on 9 July 2015, in denominations of 10, 20, and 50 piasters. Bimetallic coins of SSP 1 and SSP 2 were introduced in 2016.

• Banknotes feature John Garang de Mabior, the late leader of South Sudan’s independence movement.

• Banknote denominations include SSP 0.05, 0.10, 0.25, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000.

• In 2018, the SSP 500 note was introduced to ease cash transactions amid inflation; a SSP 1,000 note was issued in 2021 to address economic crisis.

• Coins and banknotes are produced by the South African Mint.

• The SSP has experienced rapid depreciation, from about SSP 2.75 per US dollar in 2011 to over SSP 2,000 per US dollar in recent years.

Design and Symbolism

• Banknotes depict John Garang on the obverse and South Sudanese wildlife and national symbols on the reverse, including giraffes, elephants, ostriches, and the Nile River.

• Coins feature the national coat of arms and images such as oil rigs, shoebill storks, northern white rhinos, Nubian giraffes, and African shields.

Sudan

Basic Data

• Country ISO Code: SD

• Official Language: Arabic

• Language ISO Code: ar

• Current Official Currency: Sudanese Pound

• Currency ISO Code: SDG

• Issuing Authority: Central Bank of Sudan

Currency History

• Prior to independence, the Egyptian pound was widely used under Anglo-Egyptian rule.

• The Sudanese pound was introduced in 1956, replacing the Egyptian pound at par.

• The pound is subdivided into 100 piasters (قرش).

• Due to hyperinflation, the Sudanese dinar (SDD) was introduced in 1992 but was discontinued in 2007 when the pound was reintroduced.

• Sudan has faced persistent inflation and currency devaluation, with multiple monetary reforms.

• Current denominations include coins of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 piasters and 1 pound, and banknotes of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 pounds.

Design and Symbolism

• Currency designs feature national emblems, historical monuments, and cultural motifs.

• The Central Bank of Sudan has implemented security features to combat counterfeiting and modernize the currency.

General Overview

• South Sudan established its own currency upon independence in 2011, while Sudan continues to use the Sudanese pound.

• Both currencies face economic challenges, including inflation and exchange rate volatility.

• Currency designs reflect the distinct cultural and historical identities of each country.